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Manual de Referencia para Subir Archivos (ver código)

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Para agregar una imagen, el archivo he image file has to be [[Help:Images and other uploaded files|upload]]ed. Also other files can be uploaded, see below. The system uses the term "image" for any uploaded file. For uploading multimedia files that can be used in all Wikimedia Projects, you can use [[Commons:|Wikimedia Commons]].

First give the file a suitable name, because renaming during or after uploading is not possible. Make sure that the file name has the proper extension.

{{H:new|, on uploading, a destination filename can be specified, so the file name on the project need not be the same as the name under which it is stored locally.}}

With the file an [[Help:Image page|image page]] (also called "image description page") will be associated, with a [[Help:Page name|page name]] consisting of the file name (including extension), prefixed with "Image:" (or in general the value of variable <nowiki>{{ns:Image}}</nowiki>). Thus the file names are case-sensitive (this applies even for the file name extension) except, in most projects, for the first character.

Although on each project files can be uploaded, a family of projects may have designated one in particular for this, with sharing of those files enabled. For Wikimedia projects this is [[commons:|Wikicommons]] (free content only, no "fair use" content), in general this is referred to below as Commons. (Note that projects can be a "family" in this regard, but not with regard to a common log-in and common preference settings, this applies to Wikimedia projects, and conversely, this applies for Wikicities.)

To upload a file, go to Commons, [[commons:Special:Userlogin|log in there]], and upload the file using the upload link [[commons:Special:Upload]].

==File name==

If you want to replace an existing file, give it the same name, and otherwise a name that does not exist yet.

''(Below "image" can be read as "file", though some complications, like duplicate names blocking access, are specific for embedding images.)''

When replacing or deleting an image on Commons, all projects that use the image are affected. Therefore it is important that the image page on Commons is linked to the local image pages of that image on all projects that use it. On these, even if they have never been created explicitly and therefore have an empty editable part, the "image links" section shows the local pages that use the image.

Choose a name for an image as carefully as you would choose an article name, and use proper spacing and capitalization: the name may not be visible in a page that embeds the image, but it is, for example, on the page for a category that contains the image.

When choosing a name for an image on Commons, do not use a name that is already in use on any project on which the image may be used, unless the new image should replace the local ones, and the local ones will therefore be deleted.

Uploading an image locally has the following disadvantages:

*it can not be used in other projects

*an existing or future image with the same name on Commons is not accessible for embedding in the local project

Thus this should be done only if there is a special reason for it, such as locally replacing an image from Commons with a local version without changing the links.

==Supported file types; miscellaneous==

Apart from text, MediaWiki supports the following media ''inline'':

* images -- preferred formats: [[w:PNG|PNG]], [[w:JPEG|JPEG]].

Currently the following file types can be uploaded:

:'png', 'gif', 'jpg'/'jpeg', 'ogg'.

For security reasons some file types that could be uploaded in the past can no longer be uploaded, but the files already uploaded can still be used.

[[w:SVG|SVG]] images uploaded earlier can be linked to, but not be directly embedded, e.g. [[Media:Wikipedia3fnlc1.svg]] ([[:Image:Wikipedia3fnlc1.svg|image description page]]) - see also [[m:SVG image support]].

There may be a size limit, the largest one on en: is 6.5 megabytes (but please be reasonable).

The most common type of media apart from images is:

* sound -- preferred format: Ogg [[w:Vorbis|Vorbis]].

If you want to upload other file types than .jpg or .ogg (like for example .pdf) in newer versions of mediawiki, you have to modify the file, [[LocalSettings.php]], by copying the variable, and it's contents, from [[DefaultSettings.php]]. Afterward, you can edit it accordingly:

$wgFileExtensions = array( 'png', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'ogg','doc','xls','ppt','mp3','sxc','pdf' );

You may also need to remove this extension from the [[#Uploading_non-image_files|filetype blacklist]] (in /includes/[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings DefaultSettings.php]).

Remarks:

* [[w:Wikimedia|Wikimedia]] specific: see [[m:Video policy]]

* for reasons of security executable programs are not allowed by default

Images can also be produced by the system from specifications in wikitext:

*[[Help:Formula|Formulas]] (e.g. [http://meta.wikimedia.org/math/3187b0dd4e53e474d81e26f775c1cdfa.png The sum of squares of integers from 1 to ''N''])

*[[Help:EasyTimeline syntax|Timelines, navigational maps, etc.]] (e.g. [http://meta.wikimedia.org/upload/timeline/d12a83ed39e720e3d4eb41241afdef3d.png Soviet Leaders])

*thumbnails of uploaded images (e.g. [http://meta.wikimedia.org/upload/thumb/0/0b/180px-Canterbury_Tales.png An image from ''The Canterbury Tales'']]) (saves bandwidth compared with letting the browser do the reduction)

For [[Help:Table|tables]] the system produces HTML, not an image file, but some tables are effectively images produced by the browser, e.g. if the cells are empty colored boxes. Example: see [[m:Template talk:Rectangle 8x8]].

==Linking==

To link to an uploaded file, e.g. So.gif, use <nowiki>[[Media:So.gif]]</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>[[Image:So.gif]]</nowiki>, giving [[Media:So.gif]]; to link to the image description page, use <nowiki>[[:Image:So.gif]]</nowiki>, giving [[:Image:So.gif]] (the first colon is not displayed).

[[Help:Piped link|Piped link]]s work as usual.

[[Help:Interwiki linking|Interwiki linking]] style gives a link to the image description page. For embedding (if possible, see below) and linking to the file itself, use external link style.

If [[Help:Interwiki linking#Interlanguage_link_.28software_feature.29|interlanguage links]] would be applicable, use a colon in front of the language code, e,g. <nowiki>[[:de:Bild:Europa-Pos.png]]</nowiki>, to avoid the link being put in the margin.

External link syntax is as usual. However, if you want a link to an image proper on a page of a project that allows embedded external images, use a bracketed link syntax and not just the URL, to prevent embedding.

For using an image as a link to another document, see [[Help:Navigational image]].

For users who allow '''non-image uploads''', e.g. office files, the keyword 'media' is misleading because office documents are not typically classed as media, in the context of audio/video etc. But it is the correct syntax to use when linking to a non-image file.

===Embedding internal images===

"Internal" refers to both the same project and Commons. An image name is assumed to refer to the one in the same project if it exists there, otherwise to one on Commons.

Only images proper can be automatically presented, sound is not automatically played.

An embedded internal image automatically links to the [[help:image page|image page]], which shows the full image, or, depending on preferences, a reduced version with a link to the full version. The page also provides info about the image.

[[image:tst.png|thumb|50px|[[Media:tst.png|actual size]]]]

To add the uploaded image to an article as a thumbnail, one can use <nowiki>[[Image:</nowiki> ''image name including extension'' |thumb|''caption''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> or

<nowiki>[[Image:</nowiki> ''image name including extension'' |thumb|''width in pixels'' px|''caption''<nowiki>]]</nowiki>.

{{H:new|the default thumbnail width can be set in the preferences, so typically it is better ''not'' to specify "px", in order to respect the users' preferences (unless, for a special reason, a specific size is required regardless of preferences, or a size is specified outside the range of widths 120-300 that can be set in the preferences).}}

The caption can contain links. This format allows both size reduction and enlargement. Both the image itself and an icon link to the image page. The icon has the link title "Enlarge" in its hoverbox, even in cases where the image on the image page is smaller. Depending on preferences the image on the image page may be smaller than the thumbnail image, so a link may be convenient from the thumbnail straight to the image in actual size. E.g. <nowiki>[[image:tst.png|thumb|50px|[[Media:tst.png|actual size]]]]</nowiki> (see right; see also {{tiw|en|Dual image}}){{clr}}

{|align=right border="1"

|[[Image:Netherlands pol87.jpg|100px|]]<BR />[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Netherlands_pol87.jpg full size]

|}

[[image:Middle_east.jpg|thumb|left|Middle East; for more detailed pdf-version see http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/pdf/middle_east.pdf]]

{|align=right bgcolor=#dddddd

|[[image:Middle_east.jpg|thumb|Middle East]]

|-

|([http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/pdf/middle_east.pdf pdf])

|}

External links in the caption are possible, but only in the form without brackets, hence showing the full URL; if the full URL does not fit in the available width, the rest falls off, but the link works anyway. These links are especially useful to link to the full version of an image, if that can not be displayed on the image description page, because it is in pdf-format (left). Alternatively, an extra caption can be put outside the image syntax (right).{{clr}}

For more possibilities, see [[en:Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]]. Also, the source of existing pages with images are useful as examples.

===Image at the left===

'''<nowiki>[[image:tst.png|left|thumb|50px|[[help:contents|demo]]]]</nowiki>''' puts the image at the left; text that follows floats to the right of it; if a second image immediately comes after the first, the second abuts to the right side of the first; if there is text in between then the second image is at the lower right of the first, under this text:

[[image:tst.png|none|thumb|50px|[[help:contents|demo]]]]''Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent lupta''

===Image at the right===

'''<nowiki>[[image:tst.png|right|thumb|50px|[[help:contents|demo]]]]</nowiki>''' puts the image at the right; text that follows floats to the left of it. The situation is not symmetric with the case above: a second image is put at the extreme right again, under the first.

[[image:tst.png|right|thumb|50px|[[help:contents|demo]]]] ''zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.'' after the 1st image.[[image:tst.png|right|thumb|50px|[[help:contents|demo]]]] ''after the 2nd image.{{clr}}

===Using full width again===

[[image:tst.png|left|thumb|50px|[[help:contents|demo]]]]Use '''<nowiki><br clear="all" /></nowiki>''', or on projects that have [[Template:Clr]] (Meta and en:): <nowiki>{{clr}}</nowiki>. Text floats around the image until it gets to <nowiki>{{clr}}</nowiki> (in Meta) like this.{{clr}}After <nowiki>{{clr}}</nowiki>, however, text can float no longer, and restarts from under the image, using the full width again like this,...... like this, like this, like this, like this, like this, like this, like this.

===Inline images===

Inline images cannot have a caption, but they can have a [[w:Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|"title"-attribute]] (often misidentified as the "alt" attribute, which has a different purpose), which is shown in the hoverbox (in the cases above, for the image it is the same as the caption, and for the enlarge icon it is "Enlarge"). It is the last item of the image code, hence, if there is only the image name with prefix "image:" it gives that; if there is an empty item by ending with a pipe character ("|") it gives none; otherwise, it gives the image code item that happens to be last, unless a proper text is specified.

The size of the images can be reduced but they can not be enlarged.

'''''In the last example, in 1.5 the width is as specified, but the height is the original one.'''''

See also below.

==Redirection==

An image tag specifying an image can not be made to embed another image through a redirect. There is more flexibility if an image is embedded by calling a template that contains the image, because a template can be redirected to another one. See e.g. {{tim|Train pic}}.

==Putting text in an image, superimposing images, e.g. for locator maps==

Texts (also with links) and images can be positioned such that they partly cover an image with code like:

<pre><div style="position: relative">[[Image:Map South Holland.png]]

<div style="position: absolute; left: 244px; top: 67px">[[Image:Tst.png]]</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 249px; top: 72px">[[Image:Tst.png]]</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 264px; top: 112px">[[Image:Tst.png]]</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 10px">[[Image:Text North Sea transparent.gif]]</div>

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:South Holland|South Holland]] (Netherlands)

|}

</div>

</pre>

giving:

<div style="position: relative">[[Image:Map South Holland.png]]

<div style="position: absolute; left: 244px; top: 67px">[[Image:Tst.png]]</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 249px; top: 72px">[[Image:Tst.png]]</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 264px; top: 112px">[[Image:Tst.png]]</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 10px">[[Image:Text North Sea transparent.gif]]</div>

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:South Holland|South Holland]] (Netherlands)

|}

</div>

This can be used for locator maps.

As demonstrated, the small images can also cover each other, so the order in which they are listed matters.

Example where all map labels are superimposed:

<pre>

<div style="position: relative">[[Image:Zeeuws Vlaanderen.png]]

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:Sluis|Sluis]]

|}

</div>

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:Terneuzen|Terneuzen]]

|}

</div>

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:Hulst|Hulst]]

|}

</div>

</pre>

gives

<div style="position: relative">[[Image:Zeeuws Vlaanderen.png]]

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:Sluis|Sluis]]

|}

</div>

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:Terneuzen|Terneuzen]]

|}

</div>

{| style="background:transparent"

|-

|[[w:en:Hulst|Hulst]]

|}

</div>

Thus all labels and all standard symbols (such as a dot for a town) can be superimposed on a map, and the map image itself needs to show only the curves for coasts, rivers, boundaries, roads, railways, etc., possibly with areas filled with colors.

This has the advantage that labels can be linked, and that it is much easier to edit the map with regard to:

*adding, deleting, moving, and changing symbols for e.g. towns

*adding, deleting, moving, and changing texts and changing their fonts

*changing the background map to another version, keeping what is overlaying it

Note that the result also depends on user settings such as:

*character size (as much as possible, avoid overlaps, even if the user uses a large font)

*whether the user uses a background color for links (these may override the background "transparent")

*whether images are shown with an edge, e.g. because of being a link (for a separate image this is a minor thing, for an image inside another image this looks quite different)

==Gallery tag, category, table of images==

The gallery-tag is a quick way to show thumbnails in four columns. Each entry is of the form "Image:''image name'' or "Image:''image name''|''caption, possibly with links''". It also allows text taking the position of an image, but not with links: if a text entry contains a link, the whole entry is ignored; an image tag with square brackets is also ignored.

A-L

Image:Drenthe-Position.png|[[w:Drenthe|Drenthe]], the least crowded province

Image:Flevoland-Position.png

Image:Friesland-Position.png

[[Friesland]] is beautiful

Image:Gelderland-Position.png

Image:Groningen-Position.png

Image:Limburg-Position.png

M-Z

Image:Noord_Brabant-Position.png

Image:Noord_Holland-Position.png

Image:Overijssel-Position.png

Image:Zuid_Holland-Position.png|[[w:South Holland|South Holland]], the most crowded province

Image:Utrecht-Position.png

Image:Zeeland-Position.png

</gallery></pre>

gives:

A-L

Image:Drenthe-Position.png|[[w:Drenthe|Drenthe]], the least crowded province

Image:Flevoland-Position.png

Image:Friesland-Position.png

[[Friesland]] is beautiful

Image:Gelderland-Position.png

Image:Groningen-Position.png

Image:Limburg-Position.png

M-Z

Image:Noord_Brabant-Position.png

Image:Noord_Holland-Position.png

Image:Overijssel-Position.png

Image:Zuid_Holland-Position.png|[[w:South Holland|South Holland]], the most crowded province

Image:Utrecht-Position.png

Image:Zeeland-Position.png

</gallery>

Note that, with the gallery tag, the images have a single fixed width.

Depending on the browser, a long caption may or may not widen a whole column of images:

*even if it does, if necessary to fit the four columns on the screen, captions wrap automatically

*alternatively, a long caption makes the whole row taller, because too long captions wrap to produce multiple lines in their container. See also [[w:Wikipedia:Gallery]].

A gallery of images in a [[Help:Category|category]] is automatically shown as the fourth section of the category page. The first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name. Both the image and the name link to the image page. No alternative text or other links are possible. Also the file size is shown.

For a comparison, see [[commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau]].

Using table syntax, with images in separate cells, and the image syntax explained elsewhere on this page, gives more control over size, layout, captions, etc. than each of these two methods. However, only a category automatically gives file sizes.

Example of an image table:

<pre>

{|

|+'''Provinces of the Netherlands'''

|-

| valign="top"|

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Flevoland-Position.png|thumb|left|100px|]]

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Friesland-Position.png|thumb|left|100px|]]

|-

|

|-

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Gelderland-Position.png|thumb|left|100px|]]

| valign="top"|

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Utrecht-Position.png|thumb|left|50px|]]

|}

</pre>

gives:

{|

|+'''Provinces of the Netherlands'''

|-

| valign="top"|

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Flevoland-Position.png|thumb|left|100px|]]

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Friesland-Position.png|thumb|left|100px|]]

|-

|

|-

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Gelderland-Position.png|thumb|left|100px|]]

| valign="top"|

| valign="top"|

[[Image:Utrecht-Position.png|thumb|left|50px|]]

|}

Note that, with this method, each image has a width specified by the size option, if any, and a height depending on whether there is caption or not, and how long the caption is. The width of a column is determined by the widest image in it, and the height of the row is determined by the tallest image in it.

==Embedding external images==

External images can not always be embedded, this depends on the settings of the project: it has been disabled on Meta and many Wikipedias, including the English and German, to prevent vandalism and "[[w:bandwidth theft|bandwidth theft]]" from other sites, but it is still allowed on some wikis, e.g. on the Dutch Wikipedia.

If enabled ($wgAllowExternalImages = true; in LocalSettings.php) on this project there is an image here, otherwise just a link to an image: http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png<br>

The wiki markup text used for this image is simply the raw url of the image, ie <nowiki>http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png</nowiki>. It can be shown in actual size only.

If necessary, download an image of a project and [[#Uploading|upload a copy into the Commons project]], you can then use it on all projects.

''The examples in what follows are intended for projects in which embedding is enabled''.

To use an image as a link to a specified page (either external URL or an internal wiki page) see [[Help:Navigational image|navigational image]].

If enabled, use unbracketed external link style, i.e. just the URL (of the image itself, not of the image description page), e.g. <nowiki>http://</nowiki>en.wikipedia.org/upload/d/d1/Tile_Hill_train_550.jpg. The URL can be found by checking with your browser the properties of the image when it is displayed on a webpage.

Conversely, to go to the image description page of an image referred to with external link style, put the URL in the address bar and replace "upload/''alphanumerics''/''alphanumerics''/" with "wiki/image:".

For inline images, put the url, preceded and followed by a space, in the text: a <nowiki>http://</nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Tst.png b gives a http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Tst.png b

Without special formatting, inline images are positioned like this:

text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

text text text text text text text text text text text text text text http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

A [[help:table|table]] may be used to position the image(s) as desired. E.g.

<pre>

{|

| http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png

|

| http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png

|-

|

| http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png

|

|}

</pre>

gives

{|

| http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png

|

| http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png

|-

|

| http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/b/bc/Wiki.png

|

|}

Similarly

<pre>

{|